A Brief Backstory on Brachycephalics

The term brachycephalic refers to dogs (and other animals) with short, broad skulls resulting in that classic flattened face. Breeds like the Pug, Bulldog, Shih Tzu, Boston Terrier, and French Bulldog are all part of this snub-nosed crew.

These features have been selectively bred into our companions over generations to enhance their cuteness factor and expressive appeal. But that adorable squishiness comes at a price for the animals as their breathing, cooling, and even sleeping capabilities are compromised. While some species have evolved naturally to have flatter faces and squished mussels, the problem with Frenchies, Pugs, and Bulldogs is that their short faces come from selective breeding for looks, not function and the rest of their anatomy hasn’t evolved to accommodate these changes. This means:

• Their soft tissues (tongue, palate, etc.) are too big for their skulls.
• Their nostrils and tracheas are abnormally narrow.
• Evolution didn’t have time to make the rest of the body catch up with the altered skull.

So while other species may look similarly "squished," their internal anatomy fits their design unlike many modern flat-faced dogs.

1. Understand Their Breathing Challenges

Because of their shortened nasal passages and narrowed airways, brachycephalic breeds can struggle with Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS). This can cause noisy breathing, snoring, snorting, and in severe cases, dangerous respiratory distress, especially in hot weather. Pet owners may be surprised to learn there’s a clinical way to measure how severely their dog is affected - the Cambridge BOAS Grading Scheme offers a vet-led assessment that helps determine if medical or surgical intervention may be needed.

Tips for managing this:

• Avoid walks during the heat of the day. Opt for early mornings or cool evenings.
  
• Never over-exercise your dog, no matter how much they zoom after squirrels.
  
• Keep a close eye on signs of laboured breathing, blue gums, or collapse. These are all signals for immediate vet attention.
  

4. Keep Those Folds Clean

Many brachycephalic breeds have adorable facial folds, but they’re moisture traps that can lead to nasty infections if not cleaned regularly.

Cleaning checklist:

• Gently wipe between folds with a damp cloth or vet-approved wipe.
  
• Dry thoroughly.
  
• Watch for signs of redness, odour, or discharge.
  

5. Snore Patrol: Monitor Their Sleep

If your dog snores louder than your partner, you’re not alone. It’s common – but excessive snoring can indicate breathing problems or sleep apnoea.

Night-time wellness tips:

• Provide elevated or orthopaedic beds to support better airflow.
  
• Keep bedrooms cool and well-ventilated.
  

If your dog often wakes up gasping or struggles to settle, it’s time for a vet check.

6. Vet Appointments Are Non-Negotiable

Regular check-ups with a vet familiar with brachycephalic breeds are essential. They’ll monitor:

• Airway function
• Skin and fold condition
  
• Eyes (which often protrude) are prone to corneal ulcers, dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and entropion.
  
• Dental health (as there’s often overcrowding)
  

Many dogs from these breeds experience some degree of BOAS, which may worsen over time if not managed.

7. Travel with Caution

Flat-faced dogs are particularly vulnerable during car or air travel due to stress and temperature changes. Always consult your vet before travelling long distances and ensure proper ventilation in any transport method.

If you’re planning a holiday, consider a pet house sitter over kennels. A quiet, familiar home environment is far less stressful for these sensitive souls. Our house sitters are trained to spot early signs of discomfort and can follow tailored routines – from feeding to air conditioning preferences.